Vol. 151, No. 21 — October 18, 2017

Registration

SOR/2017-214 September 29, 2017

IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE PROTECTION ACT

Regulations Amending the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations

P.C. 2017-1204 September 29, 2017

Whereas, pursuant to subsection 5(2) (see footnote a) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (see footnote b), the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness and the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration have caused a copy of the proposed Regulations Amending the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations, substantially in the annexed form, to be laid before each House of Parliament;

Therefore, His Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness and the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, pursuant to subsection 5(1), section 17, paragraphs 26(e), 53(a), (d) and (e) (see footnote c), 61(a) (see footnote d), (a.3) (see footnote e) and (b) and 87.2(1)(a) (see footnote f) and subsection 140(3) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (see footnote g), makes the annexed Regulations Amending the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations.

Regulations Amending the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations

Amendments

1 Paragraph 26(b) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations (see footnote 1) is replaced by the following:

• (b) the need for the services of the Canada Border Services Agency in that area;

2 (1) Paragraph 48(1)(a) of the Regulations is replaced by the following:

• (a) to provide the Department or the Canada Border Services Agency, depending on which one requires the information, with the address of the person posting the guarantee and to advise the Department or the Canada Border Services Agency, as the case may be, before any change in that address; and

(2) Paragraph 48(2)(a) of the Regulations is replaced by the following:

• (a) to provide the Department or the Canada Border Services Agency, depending on which one requires the information, with their address and to advise the Department or the Canada Border Services Agency, as the case may be, before any change in that address; and

3 Subsection 49(3) of the Regulations is replaced by the following:

Return of deposit

(3) If an officer determines that the person or group of persons in respect of whom the deposit was required has complied with the conditions imposed, the deposit shall be returned.

4 (1) The portion of section 234 of the French version of the Regulations before paragraph (a) is replaced by the following:

Application de l’alinéa 50a) de la Loi

234 Il est entendu que, pour l’application de l’alinéa 50a) de la Loi, une décision judiciaire n’a pas pour effet direct d’empêcher l’exécution de la mesure de renvoi s’il existe un accord entre le procureur général du Canada ou d’une province et l’Agence des services frontaliers du Canada prévoyant :

(2) Paragraphs 234(a) and (b) of the English version of the Regulations are replaced by the following:

• (a) there is an agreement between the Canada Border Services Agency and the Attorney General of Canada or the attorney general of a province that criminal charges will be withdrawn or stayed on the removal of the person from Canada; or
• (b) there is an agreement between the Canada Border Services Agency and the Attorney General of Canada or the attorney general of a province to withdraw or cancel any summons or subpoena on the removal of the person from Canada.

5 Paragraph 240(1)(b) of the Regulations is replaced by the following:

• (b) obtains a certificate of departure from the Canada Border Services Agency;

6 (1) Paragraph 247(1)(a) of the Regulations is replaced by the following:

• (a) the foreign national’s cooperation in providing evidence of their identity or assisting the Department or the Canada Border Services Agency in obtaining evidence of their identity, in providing the date and place of their birth as well as the names of their mother and father, in providing detailed information on the itinerary they followed in travelling to Canada or in completing an application for a travel document;

(2) Paragraphs 247(1)(c) and (d) of the Regulations are replaced by the following:

• (c) the foreign national’s destruction of their identity or travel documents, or the use of fraudulent documents by the foreign national in order to mislead the Department or the Canada Border Services Agency, and the circumstances under which the foreign national acted;
• (d) the provision of contradictory information by the foreign national with respect to their identity during the processing of an application by the Department or the Canada Border Services Agency; and

7 Paragraph 248(d) of the Regulations is replaced by the following:

• (d) any unexplained delays or unexplained lack of diligence caused by the Department, the Canada Border Services Agency or the person concerned; and

8 Part 15 of the Regulations is replaced by the following:

PART 15

Prescribed Conditions

Inadmissibility on grounds of security — conditions

250.1 For the purposes of subsections 44(4), 56(3), 58(5), 58.1(4), 77.1(1) and 82(6) of the Act, the conditions that must be imposed on a foreign national or permanent resident are the following:

• (a) to inform the Canada Border Services Agency in writing of their address and, in advance, of any change in that address;
• (b) to inform the Canada Border Services Agency in writing of their employer’s name and the address of their place of employment and, in advance, of any change in that information;
• (c) unless they are otherwise required to report to the Canada Border Services Agency because of a condition imposed under subsection 44(3), 56(1), 58(3) or 58.1(3) or paragraph 82(5)(b) of the Act, to report once each month to the Agency;
• (d) to present themselves at the time and place that an officer, the Immigration Division, the Minister or the Federal Court requires them to appear to comply with any obligation imposed on them under the Act;
• (e) to produce to the Canada Border Services Agency without delay the original of any passport and travel and identity documents that they hold, or that they obtain, in order to permit the Agency to make copies of those documents;
• (f) if a removal order made against them comes into force, to surrender to the Canada Border Services Agency without delay any passport and travel document that they hold;
• (g) if a removal order made against them comes into force and they do not hold a document that is required to remove them from Canada, to take without delay any action that is necessary to ensure that the document is provided to the Canada Border Services Agency, such as by producing an application or producing evidence verifying their identity;
• (h) to not commit an offence under an Act of Parliament or an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament;
• (i) if they are charged with an offence under an Act of Parliament or an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament, to inform the Canada Border Services Agency of that charge in writing and without delay;
• (j) if they are convicted of an offence under an Act of Parliament or an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament, to inform the Canada Border Services Agency of that conviction in writing and without delay; and
• (k) if they intend to leave Canada, to inform the Canada Border Services Agency in writing of the date on which they intend to leave Canada.

Immigration Appeal Division — conditions

251 For the purposes of subsection 68(2) of the Act, the conditions that must be imposed on a foreign national or permanent resident by the Immigration Appeal Division are the following:

• (a) to inform the Canada Border Services Agency and the Immigration Appeal Division in writing, in advance, of any change in their address;
• (b) to provide to the Canada Border Services Agency a copy of any passport and travel document that they hold and, if they do not hold any such documents, to complete an application for a passport or travel document and provide that application to the Agency;
• (c) to apply for an extension of the validity period of any passport and travel document that they hold before it expires and to provide a copy of the extended document to the Canada Border Services Agency;
• (d) to not commit an offence under an Act of Parliament or an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament;
• (e) if they are charged with an offence under an Act of Parliament or an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament, to inform the Canada Border Services Agency of that charge in writing and without delay; and
• (f) if they are convicted of an offence under an Act of Parliament or an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament, to inform the Canada Border Services Agency and the Immigration Appeal Division of that conviction in writing and without delay.

9 Section 252 of the Regulations is replaced by the following:

Custody of seized thing

252 A thing seized under subsection 140(1) of the Act shall be placed without delay in the custody of the Department or the Canada Border Services Agency.

Coming into Force

10 These Regulations come into force on the day on which section 19 of the Faster Removal of Foreign Criminals Act, chapter 16 of the Statutes of Canada, 2013, comes into force, but if they are registered after that day, they come into force on the day on which they are registered.

REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEMENT

(This statement is not part of the Regulations.)

Issues

Prescribed conditions

Allegations of inadmissibility pursuant to section 34 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) [http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/i-2.5/fulltext.html] are significant because they assert that an individual may be inadmissible for engaging in activities that could pose a security risk. Given the significance of these allegations, measures to manage the risk that these individuals pose are essential and a priority for the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA or “the Agency”). (see footnote 2) Presently, permanent residents and foreign nationals (non-citizens) who are either alleged or determined to be inadmissible to Canada on grounds of security are subject to varying levels of immigration control. When these non-citizens are not detained, various IRPA decision-makers, at different junctures along the immigration enforcement continuum, have discretionary authority to impose conditions on the non-citizen that the decision-maker considers necessary in the circumstances. (see footnote 3) This purely discretionary approach by a variety of IRPA decision-makers at a variety of points in time across the IRPA enforcement continuum has resulted in an inconsistent application of conditions with respect to security inadmissibility cases. For example, the reporting condition has varied significantly, with persons having to report to the CBSA weekly, monthly and in many cases, less frequently. Insufficient or inconsistent baseline monitoring of these individuals could pose a potential risk to public safety, and could create greater difficulty in enforcing removal orders and added costs to locate individuals for enforcement purposes.

Technical amendments to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations

The CBSA was created in 2003. It amalgamated customs personnel (from the former Canada Customs and Revenue Agency) with border and enforcement personnel (from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada [IRCC] and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency) to form a federal agency responsible for border services, customs and immigration enforcement. Responsibility for the administration of the IRPA as it relates to examination at ports of entry, enforcement (including arrest, detention, investigations, hearings and removal), certain serious inadmissibility grounds, and Ministerial relief (see footnote 4) were transferred from IRCC to the CBSA. However, the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations (IRPR) [http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2002-227/fulltext.html] have never been updated to reflect this delineation of responsibilities.

Background

Prescribed conditions

The IRPA governs the inadmissibility of foreign nationals and permanent residents (non-citizens) to Canada. Objectives of the IRPA include protecting the health and safety of Canadians, maintaining the security of Canadian society and denying access to Canadian territory to persons who are criminals or security risks. One element of Canada’s efforts to maintain security is to deny immigration status in Canada to non-citizens who pose security risks. Pursuant to section 34 of the IRPA, a non-citizen is “inadmissible on security grounds for:

• (a) engaging in an act of espionage that is against Canada or that is contrary to Canada’s interests;
• (b) engaging in or instigating the subversion by force of any government;
• (b.1) engaging in an act of subversion against a democratic government, institution or process as they are understood in Canada;
• (c) engaging in terrorism;
• (d) being a danger to the security of Canada;
• (e) engaging in acts of violence that would or might endanger the lives or safety of persons in Canada; or
• (f ) being a member of an organization that there are reasonable grounds to believe engages, has engaged or will engage in acts referred to in paragraph (a), (b), (b.1), or (c).”

Where the disclosure of information or other evidence that is relevant to the inadmissibility would be injurious to national security or endanger the safety of any person if disclosed, the person may be subject to a certificate, on security grounds, under section 77 of the IRPA. (see footnote 5) (see footnote 6)

The Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness is responsible for policies related to the enforcement of the IRPA, including inadmissibility on security grounds. (see footnote 7) Associated amendments to the IRPA were introduced under Bill C-43, the Faster Removal of Foreign Criminals Act (FRFCA), which received royal assent on June 19, 2013. These legislative amendments were intended to establish the legislative framework and to authorize subsequent regulatory amendments that, together, will provide for a consistent baseline of monitoring and control under the IRPA of non-citizens who are either alleged or determined to be inadmissible to Canada on security grounds. These legislative changes will be brought into force through an Order in Council concurrently with associated regulations prescribing a consistent and transparent baseline of conditions that will be imposed by a decision-maker. In this context, a decision-maker could be a CBSA officer, the Immigration Division (ID) of the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB), the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, or the Federal Court (FC), depending on the circumstances. Conditions will be applied on all non-citizens who are not detained and are alleged to be inadmissible on grounds of security (subject to either an inadmissibility report on security grounds, which has been referred to the ID, or a certificate, on security grounds, which has been referred to the FC) or who have been determined to be inadmissible on grounds of security and are awaiting removal from Canada.

Objectives

These regulatory amendments will create a baseline of consistent and transparent conditions to be imposed on non-citizens who are not detained and are subject to an inadmissibility report or a certificate on security grounds which has been referred to the ID or the FC, respectively, or who have already been found inadmissible on grounds of security. These prescribed conditions will enhance case management from the time that the individual is referred to the ID or FC until they are removed from Canada or relieved of their inadmissibility. Ultimately, the objective is to ensure that these individuals receive adequate monitoring, and thus prevent potential threats to public safety, manage costs to locate them for IRPA enforcement purposes and reduce difficulty in enforcing removals.

The regulatory amendments will also update the IRPR to accurately reflect the current policy and operational responsibilities of the CBSA that flow from section 4 of the IRPA and the Ministerial Responsibilities Under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Order (http://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2015/2015-07-01/html/si-tr52-eng.php), which was published in the Canada Gazette on June 11, 2015. (see footnote 8)

Description

Prescribed conditions

The FRFCA introduced legislative changes to the IRPA to allow for baseline prescribed conditions and require that they be imposed on non-citizens in the following circumstances:

• when an inadmissibility report on grounds of security is referred to the ID and the subject of the report is not detained;
• when the subject of either an inadmissibility report on grounds of security that has been referred to the ID or a removal order for inadmissibility on grounds of security is released from detention;
• when a certificate, on security grounds, is signed and referred to the FC and the subject of the certificate is not detained; and
• when the subject of a certificate, on security grounds, that has been referred to the FC is released from detention.

The regulatory amendments will prescribe that in these aforementioned circumstances, the following requirements will be imposed:

• to inform the Canada Border Services Agency in writing of their address and, in advance, of any change in that address;
• to inform the Canada Border Services Agency in writing of their employer’s name and the address of their place of employment and, in advance, of any change in that information;
• unless they are otherwise required to report to the Canada Border Services Agency because of a condition imposed under another authority of the Act, (see footnote 9) to report once each month to the Agency;
• to present themselves at the time and place that an officer, the Immigration Division, the Minister or the Federal Court requires them to appear to comply with any obligation imposed on them under the Act;
• to produce to the Canada Border Services Agency without delay the original of any passport and travel and identity documents that they hold, or that they obtain, in order to permit the Agency to make copies of those documents;
• if a removal order made against them comes into force, to surrender to the Canada Border Services Agency without delay any passport and travel document that they hold;
• if a removal order made against them comes into force and they do not hold a document that is required to remove them from Canada, to take without delay any action that is necessary to ensure that the document is provided to the Canada Border Services Agency, such as by producing an application or producing evidence verifying their identity;
• to not commit an offence under an Act of Parliament or an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament;
• if they are charged with an offence under an Act of Parliament or an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament, to inform the Canada Border Services Agency of that charge in writing and without delay;
• if they are convicted of an offence under an Act of Parliament or an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament, to inform the Canada Border Services Agency of that conviction in writing and without delay; and
• if they intend to leave Canada, to inform the Canada Border Services Agency in writing of the date on which they intend to leave Canada.

While the regulatory amendments set a consistent baseline of transparent conditions, it is important to note that decision-makers may decide to impose additional as well as more stringent conditions where appropriate pursuant to their existing powers under the IRPA.

Technical amendments to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations

The technical amendments to the IRPR will clarify that the CBSA shares responsibility, or is otherwise implicated, along with IRCC, for the following:

• aspects of the monitoring of conditions that have been imposed on a person or group of persons in respect of whom a guarantee or deposit is required;
• returning these deposits when compliance has been confirmed;
• establishing a foreign national’s identity;
• any unexplained delays or lack of diligence by either organization, which are factors that must be considered in relation to immigration detention; and
• things seized under the IRPA.

Furthermore, these regulatory amendments will clarify that the CBSA is responsible for

• services at the port of entry;
• negotiating with the Attorney General of Canada or the attorney general of a province in order to expedite the removal of a person from Canada;
• confirming a removal order against a foreign national; and
• monitoring conditions imposed by the Immigration Appeal Division.

These technical amendments are intended to accurately reflect current roles and responsibilities. They will not result in any change to existing business processes.

“One-for-One” Rule

The “One-for-One” Rule does not apply, as the regulatory amendments apply to individuals, not businesses.

Small business lens

The small business lens does not apply, as the regulatory amendments apply to individuals, not businesses.

Consultation

Non-government stakeholders were given the opportunity to participate in the legislative development of the FRFCA. At this time, minimal concerns were raised with respect to the introduction of prescribed conditions for non-citizens who are either alleged or determined to be inadmissible to Canada on security grounds. During testimony at the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration, prior to the FRFCA receiving royal assent, one stakeholder suggested that the mandatory imposition of prescribed conditions would deprive individuals who are facing allegations of inadmissibility on security grounds of fair consideration of their actual circumstances. It was moreover suggested that there were already adequate measures in the IRPA to impose conditions when deemed necessary.

The views expressed during the legislative process were considered in the development of the regulatory amendments. The conditions were designed to establish a transparent baseline of monitoring and control of non-citizens who are either alleged or determined to be inadmissible to Canada on security grounds. They are not unduly onerous or restrictive. Any other conditions imposed by decision-makers, including reporting conditions, will continue to take individual circumstances into account.

It is important to note that regulations prescribing conditions are not new in the context of immigration enforcement. For instance, in the 2001–2002 fiscal year, regulatory amendments were introduced to prescribe conditions that must be imposed where the Immigration Appeal Division imposes a stay of removal. (see footnote 10) At that time, in the prepublication consultation period, no significant external stakeholder comments or concerns were received in relation to these prescribed conditions. The conditions herein are similar, and are targeted to a narrower population with links to security inadmissibility under the IRPA.

A notice of these regulatory amendments has been available to the general public online on the CBSA website since 2014. (see footnote 11) As of July 2017, no stakeholders have contacted the CBSA to express an interest in these regulatory amendments.

External stakeholders were given the opportunity to participate in the regulatory development process prior to prepublication. On May 13, 2016, the following key external stakeholders were invited to participate in the development of these regulatory amendments through a 30-day consultation period on the Consulting with Canadians website:

• Action Réfugiés Montréal
• Amnesty International
• British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
• Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers
• Canadian Association of Professional Immigration Consultants
• Canadian Civil Liberties Association
• Canadian Council for Refugees
• Canadian Police Association
• Canadian Taxpayers Federation
• Centre for Immigration Policy Reform
• Centre of Excellence in Security, Resilience and Intelligence; Schulich Executive Education Centre
• Cross-Cultural Roundtable on Security
• David Asper Centre for Constitutional Rights
• Federal Ombudsman for Victims of Crime
• Federation of Law Societies of Canada
• Human Rights Research and Education Centre; University of Ottawa
• Human Rights Watch Canada
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
• Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada
• Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants (OCASI)
• Québec Immigration Lawyers Association (AQAADI)
• Rainbow Refugee Committee
• Table de concertation des organismes au service des personnes réfugiées et immigrantes
• University of Toronto; International Human Rights Program
• Victims of Violence

In response to this consultation, two stakeholders provided comments, which were both supportive in nature. One stakeholder commented that the prescribed conditions should be extended to apply to other grounds of inadmissibility related to public safety and security, including the following: human or international rights violations; serious criminality; criminality; or organized crime. However, the imposition of prescribed conditions on a class of individuals that are subject to these additional inadmissibility grounds is beyond the scope of the present initiative. The other stakeholder suggested that the reporting obligation be increased to weekly; however, this change could make these regulations overly burdensome and costly to the Government of Canada. Moreover, it is important to note that these baseline conditions do not prevent decision-makers from exercising existing authorities to impose additional conditions, including increasing the reporting frequency, as deemed necessary given the particular circumstances of a given case.

Canada Gazette, Part I

The amendments were prepublished in the Canada Gazette, Part I, on April 22, 2017, for a 30-day public comment period. No comments were received.

Rationale

Prescribed conditions

Where warranted under the Act, individuals who are alleged or determined to be inadmissible on grounds of security may be detained. In other circumstances, individuals may not be detained or may be released from detention, for instance, while the allegations made against them are investigated or while they challenge their removal orders. Given that the conditions which take CBSA’s ongoing monitoring and enforcement responsibilities into account are imposed at the discretion of a variety of IRPA decision-makers at a variety of points in time across the IRPA enforcement continuum, they have proven to be inconsistently imposed for security inadmissibility cases.

The regulatory amendments are intended to address this gap. They will ensure that these individuals receive adequate baseline monitoring, thus mitigating risks to public safety. These regulatory amendments will also help in the management of costs associated with inland immigration enforcement, including investigations and removals.

Technical amendments to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations

The technical amendments to the IRPA are housekeeping in nature, and will not have any impact on operational practices as they are designed to more accurately reflect the current responsibilities of the CBSA and IRCC under the IRPA.

Implementation, enforcement and service standards

Prescribed conditions

Going forward, upon these regulatory amendments (and associated legislative provisions) coming into force, a decision-maker will be required to impose, at a minimum, the prescribed conditions on non-citizens in the following circumstances:

• when an inadmissibility report on grounds of security is referred to the ID and the subject of the report is not detained;
• when the subject of either an inadmissibility report on grounds of security that has been referred to the ID or a removal order for inadmissibility on grounds of security is released from detention;
• when a certificate on security grounds is signed and referred to the FC and the subject of the certificate is not detained; and
• when the subject of a certificate on security grounds that has been referred to the FC is released from detention.

While decision-makers will still be able to use their discretionary authority to impose any additional conditions they consider appropriate in the circumstances, (see footnote 12) the prescribed conditions will be obligatory and will cease to apply in the following circumstances: if the person is detained; they are found not inadmissible; they are granted Ministerial relief; (see footnote 13) or their removal order is enforced. (see footnote 14) With respect to the reporting condition, while the presumptive condition will be monthly, the decision-makers may also use other discretionary powers under the IRPA (see footnote 15) to impose a condition to report more or less frequently when the monthly frequency is not appropriate to address individual circumstances. Given the seriousness of the security inadmissibility ground, and the intention of these regulatory amendments to establish a minimum baseline of monitoring of these individuals, it is expected that decision-makers will carefully consider the circumstances of the case and decide to impose any reduced reporting frequency only on an exceptional basis. It should also be noted, for greater certainty, that the imposition of the condition to produce identity documents does not restrict any powers of an officer to seize documents that exist within the IRPA and its regulations. (see footnote 16)

In order to ensure that a baseline level of monitoring and control is achieved amongst all non-citizens alleged or determined to be inadmissible on grounds of security, transitional provisions included in the FRFCA require, in defined circumstances, that prescribed conditions also be imposed on existing security inadmissibility cases. Currently, there are approximately 150 non-citizens who are alleged or determined to be inadmissible on grounds of security, who are in Canada and who could be subject to prescribed conditions retrospectively.

Upon these regulatory amendments coming into force, CBSA officers will be required to impose the prescribed conditions on the existing cases when circumstances permit, (see footnote 17) and if they are not currently detained or subject to release conditions imposed by the ID or the FC. In those latter cases, because the CBSA cannot amend conditions imposed by an independent body, the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness may make an application to the ID or FC to have the prescribed conditions imposed if existing conditions do not already address the potential risks that they pose and the CBSA’s operational monitoring responsibilities.

To support implementation, operational guidance has been issued to CBSA officers. In the transitional context, the CBSA has established an operational plan related to the retrospective application of conditions, to ensure that a baseline level of monitoring and control is achieved amongst all non-citizens alleged or determined to be inadmissible on grounds of security.

Contact

Richard St Marseille
Manager
Immigration Enforcement Policy Unit
Canada Border Services Agency
100 Metcalfe Street, 10th Floor
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0L8
Telephone: 613-954-3923
Email: IEPU-UPELI@cbsa-asfc.gc.ca

• Footnote a
  S.C. 2008, c. 3, s. 2
• Footnote b
  S.C. 2001, c. 27
• Footnote c
  S.C. 2012, c. 17, s. 22
• Footnote d
  S.C. 2012, c. 17, s. 28
• Footnote e
  S.C. 2013, c. 16, s. 36(11)
• Footnote f
  S.C. 2013, c. 16, s. 27
• Footnote g
  S.C. 2001, c. 27
• Footnote 1
  SOR/2002-227
• Footnote 2
  Report on Plans and Priorities (2015), http://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/agency-agence/reports-rapports/rpp/2015-2016/report-rapport-eng.html.
• Footnote 3
  See subsections 44(3), 56(1), 58(3), 58.1(3) and paragraph 82(5)(b) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. Note that pursuant to paragraph 82(5)(b), a judge can set any condition considered “appropriate.”
• Footnote 4
  See section 42.1 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
• Footnote 5
  IRPA Subsection 77(1) — Referral of certificate — The Minister and the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration shall sign a certificate stating that a permanent resident or foreign national is inadmissible on grounds of security, violating human or international rights, serious criminality or organized criminality, and shall refer the certificate to the Federal Court.
• Footnote 6
  An alternative would be to proceed with an admissibility hearing and pursue non-disclosure through section 86 of the IRPA.
• Footnote 7
  See section 4 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
• Footnote 8
  Pursuant to subsection 4(2) of the IRPA, the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness is responsible for the administration of the IRPA as it relates to (a) examinations at ports of entry; (b) the enforcement of the IRPA, including arrest, detention and removal; (c) the establishment of policies respecting the enforcement of the IRPA and inadmissibility on grounds of security, organized criminality or violating human or international rights; or (d) declarations referred to in section 42.1.
• Footnote 9
  Subsection 44(3) — an officer or the Immigration Division may impose any conditions that they consider necessary on a non-citizen who is the subject of a report, an admissibility hearing or a removal order; subsection 56(1) — an officer may impose any conditions that they consider necessary on a non-citizen when ordering their release from detention; subsection 58(3) — the Immigration Division may impose any conditions that it considers necessary on a non-citizen when ordering their release from detention; subsection 58.1(3) — the Minister may impose any conditions that they consider necessary on a designated foreign national when ordering their release from detention; paragraph 82(5)(b) — the Federal Court judge can set any conditions that they consider appropriate when ordering or confirming the release of a person who is named in a certificate.
• Footnote 10
  Section 251 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations.
• Footnote 11
  http://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/agency-agence/actreg-loireg/frp-ppr/39-eng.html
• Footnote 12
  See subsections 44(3), 56(1), 58(3) and 58.1(3) and paragraph 82(5)(b) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
• Footnote 13
  See section 42.1 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
• Footnote 14
  See subsections 44(5), 56(4), 58(6), 58.1(5), 77.1(2) and 82(9) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
• Footnote 15
  Officers, the Immigration Division and the Federal Court have such discretionary powers pursuant to subsections 44(3), 56(1), 58(3) and 58.1(3) and paragraph 82(5)(b) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. The Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness does not have such a discretionary power to impose conditions upon referral of a certificate to the Federal Court.
• Footnote 16
  See section 140 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
• Footnote 17
  See subsection 30(1) of the Faster Removals of Foreign Criminals Act.